The count Wielhorski comes to France in 1770 to request their assistance to the politicians and from the philosophers to draw Poland from the situation from interior disorder and geopolitical weakness which undermines it.

Indeed the parcelling out of the country and the rigid division of the population in three states, the constant interference of Russia which places its candidates on the Polish throne (Leszczynski was thus ousted), the conflicts between catholics and “dissidents”, the paralysis of the legislature due to the exorbitant right to veto granted all to the members of the Diet, legitimate resistance to the national power that the areas can oppose while forming of the Confederations in the event of dissension with the Diet, all these factors are serious sources of disorder and return the administration of the impossible country.

Rousseau wants to return to this too large country forces and independence. It is not question of a complete “institution” (to institute people at Rousseau it is him to give laws) as for Corsica, because the State too old and is weakened too much to suffer a brutal revolution, but one needs a slow reform drawing left the advantages from the situation while preventing its abuses. For as much this reform is not a compromise: Rousseau wants by a “gradual walk” (§13) to bring the Polish political right to the legitimacy which it misses, such as defines it the social Contract. In particular, if the noble ones are the only ones to have a political existence, whereas the middle-class men are counted for “nothing” and the serfs “dead loss”, strategy of Rousseau consists in gradually increasing the body of the citizens to make there enter the remainder of the population, and find little by little political bases in conformity with the natural right.

But before changing the constitution, it should be hardened as well as the country. By promoting the characteristic of the nation, Rousseau wants to use the emotional force which attaches the inhabitants to their practices, their habits. Thus the love of the fatherland develops, which only will make the country “impossible to subjugate” durably. The government must turn as of their childhood the Poles towards the fatherland, it must replace in their heart the love of the richnesses and the luxury by that of the honors, whose career proportioned with the merit and the age unrolls the various stages.

Then the constitution must be more coherent, the useful right to veto, and the king elected without encouraging corruption. The Considerations accept the facts. The State is too large for the direct democracy: it will be necessary to be resigned to the political representation. However this one was excluded in the social Contract, because the general will cannot be represented. But the representatives elected in Diétines to sit at the national Diet will be so much selected and controlled by their Diétine which they will not be able to betray their mission.

The enthusiasm of this late text proves at the same time the implication of Rousseau in the project and the need for passion dimension in the constitution of a solid State.

The work is started in 1771, completed in April 1772. First edition: Complete works, Of Peyrou, Geneva, 1782.