It is into 1762 that the Duchesne bookseller publishes Emile or of the education, whose drafting was probably completed in October 1760. It is the most completed expression philosophy of Rousseau which, in the Dialogs, designates the Emile like: “a treaty of the original kindness of the man, intended to show how the defect and the error, foreigners with his constitution, are introduced outside there and deteriorate it imperceptibly”.

Thus the work rests it on the refusal of the original sin, which caused to them violent reactions of Christophe de Beaumont and the Genevese pastors: these readers will also criticize the Profession of faith of the Savoyard Vicar inserrée in book IV of the Emile. To avoid the appearance of the defects which sanction the bad use of higher faculties of the man, Rousseau proposes a new method of education, which achieves as a Emile the intention of the nature ignored of the contemporaries: “It is not the man of the man, it is the man of nature. Undoubtedly it must be extremely foreign in their eyes”.

The first three books describe a “negative education which tends to improve the bodies, instruments of our knowledge, before us to make known these and which prepares with the reason by the exercise of the directions” (Letter with Christophe de Beaumont).

Books IV and V take note of the development of the active sensitivity, which marks the birth of passions at the teenager, and they expose the positive education which will fix these passions on the best objects before introducing Emile into the company. Is the effectiveness of this education well attested, for Rousseau itself? The young man will marry well Sophie, who is intended to him, but the husbands will know all misfortunes of their time in Emile and Sophie, or the recluses, whom Rousseau writes in 1762.