King de France (1814-1824).

Grandson of Louis XV, Sir, brother of the king and count de Provence, emigrated after the business Favras (June 20th, 1791), arrived to Belgium, then joined in Coblentz his other brother, the count d' Artois.

He took the title of regent to the death of Louis XVI, and king to that of Louis XVII. The support of England and the firm support of Talleyrand brought back it on the throne to the fall of Napoleon, in 1814. Concerned of national reconciliation, it granted the Charter (June 4th, 1814), making following the declaration of Saint-Ouen, where it guaranteed in France the maintenance of essential freedoms as well as a representative mode.

The Hundred Days obliged it to flee in Ghent; the purification of 1815 was however extremely limited.

The untraceable Room, made up ultraroyalists, was dissolved in 1816, and Louis XVIII took as principal minister a liberal, Elie Decazes. Being based on the group of “constitutional”, this last made vote a series of liberal laws relating to the press, the army and the elections. The assassination of the duke of Berry, nephew of the king, brought the reference of the minister (1821) and the return in strength of the extremists, who made the seat of the old monarch, which named Richelieu, then Villèle, to take pleasure in the right-hand side.