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Chronology of the history of Arles
© Ville d’Arles, service du patrimoine

Goblet coming from hypogean of Arles
© Ville of Arles
Front thousand-year-old IIIe. J. - C.

Prehistory

- 5,000 front J. - C.

Formation of the current delta; one distinguishes already the not salted septentrional Camargue because formed by alluvia carted by the Rhone, and the salted Camargue because recently gained by the sea.

 

- 3,000 front J. - C.

Average Neolithic era; appearance of villages or live stockbreeder-farmers; construction with Fontvieille of the first collective burials in form the hypogean ones.

 

- 1,000 front J. - C.

Installation on the site of ligure Arles of tribes; first commercial exchanges with the Phoenician navigators.


Protohistory

- 800 av. J. - C.

Progressive arrival of the Celts; from where the celto-Ligurian term applying to the natives.

 

- 600 av. J. - C.

Foundation of Massilia by the From Marseilles ones, marine Greeks originating in Minor Asia.

 

- 550 av. J. - C.

Foundation of the counter of Théliné on the site of Arles by the From Marseilles ones of Marseilles.

 

- 125 - 122 av. J. - C.

Beginning of the conquest by the Romans of Beats southernmost; destruction of Entremont and foundation of Aquae Sextius (Aix).

 

- 102 av. J. - C.

The troops of the general Caïus Marius crush Ambers and the Teutonic ones close to Aix; digging of the Pits mariennes connecting, downstream from Arles, the Rhone with the gulf of Fos.


Roman period

- 58 - 51 av. J. - C.

Conquest of Beats by Julius Caesar.

 

- 46 av. J. - C.

Julius Caesar installs in Arles the veterans of Sextanorum Arelate and founds the Roman colony of Arelate. This one obtains a group of public monuments soon (forum, theater, temples, thermal baths).

 

- 27 av. J. - C.

Visit by the future Auguste emperor of the province de Gaulle Southerner; he will give him for Narbonne capital and name the Narbonnese.

 

Towards 90

Construction of the amphitheater.

 

Towards 150

Construction of the circus

 

254

Marcianus is the first attested bishop of Arles.

 

297

Administrative reform of Dioclétien; the Rhone becomes the natural limit between two provinces: the Narbonnese first in the west and the Viennese in the east.

 

313

Introduction by the emperor Constantin I of freedom of worship (edict of Milan); it frequently remains in Arles, made there build a palate and convenes there, into 314, the first great council of Occident.

 

395

Transfer to Arles of the prefecture of the court of Gaules, which makes city the political capital of Gaules.

 

417

Arles reaches the row of the primatie.

 

476

The Visigoths who have occupied already the Narbonnese First (or Septimanie) for one half-century seize Arles.


The Middle Ages

504-542

Bishop D Arles, holy Césaire contributes to the cultural and spiritual radiation of his city.

 

508

Théodoric, king of Ostrogothic, release Arles besieged by the Francs.

 

532

Installation by Césaire saint from a community of nuns at the Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer.

 

536

Arles passes under the franque authority, after having undergone several seats.

 

573-574

Plundering of the country of Arles by the Lombardic ones gone down by the Durance then by the Rhone.

 

732-739

Charles Martel subjects Provençaux which, on the coast, very often made alliance with Buckwheats; sit of Marseilles of them 732, then of Arles of them 738.

 

842.850 and 883

Plundering of the country of Arles and the Camargue by Buckwheats.

 

843

First division of the Carolingian Empire, it makes of the Rhone a political border.

 

855

Second division of L Worsens Carolingian, it makes of Arles the capital of the kingdom of Provence.

 

859-860

Installation in the Large Camargue of Norman which plunders the valley of the Rhone from Arles to Lyon.

 

869

Removal at the Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer of the archbishop of Arles; the From Arles ones pour the required ransom but are made berner by the kidnappers, the prelate having died meanwhile.

 

974

Guillaume I er, count de Provence, releases Provence of his invaders; prosperity will return little by little.

 

1066

The Archbishop of Arles makes gift of the Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer to the monks of the abbey of Montmajour; the abbey of Saint-Gilles is attached to Cluny whereas the famous abbey one is built.

 

1112

Raimond Berenger I er, count de Barcelone extends his sovereignty to the county of Provence.

 

1167

Alphonse d' Aragon seizes the castle of Albaron, where it is besieged in his turn by Raimond V of Toulouse.

 

1178

Frederic I er Barberousse is made crown king de Bourgogne in Arles in the primatiale Saint-Trophime in progress D completion.

 

1227

The count of Provence Raimond Bérenger V benefits from the excommunication of Frederic II of Hohenstaufen to subject Arles to his authority.

 

1246

Marriage of Charles I er of Anjou and Béatrice of Provence, heiress of the County.

 

1262

Charles I er of Anjou links for more than one century Provence with the Kingdom of Naples.

 

1312

Dissolution about the Temple whose goods return to the Hospital ones; the commandery of Saint-Gilles reigns on thousands of hectares into Large as in Petite Camargue.

 

1337-1453

One hundred Year old war. In its term the mercenaries S organize in bands which plunder the area. Many towers and fortifications are then built.

 

1347

Release of the Black Death; miraculous cure of Pierre of Nantes, bishop of Saint-Pol.-of-Leon, at the Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, event which contributes to the success of the pilgrimage.

 

1367

Plundering of the country of Arles and the Camargue by the bands of truck drivers carried out by Bertrand du Guesclin.

 

1380-1385

The succession of the Jeanne queen starts a civil war in Provence; Louis II of Anjou in victorious fate.

 

1399

The area gets rid of the lord of the Beams, Raymond de Turenne, called “the Plague of Provence”.

 

1481

Fastening of Provence to the crown of France, under the reign of Louis XI.


Modern time

1512

Foundation of the brotherhood of Saint-Georges by the pastors-nourriguiers ancestors of the herdsmen of the Camargue.

 

1536

Arles and Marseilles are besieged, without success, by the imperial ones of Charles Quint.

 

1559

Startup of the channel of Craponne, irrigating the north of Crau thanks to water of the Durance.

 

1580-1588

Epidemic of plague devastating Marseilles and Provence.

 

1591

Catch and plundering of the castle of Albaron by the troops of the marshal of Morello cherry.

 

1596

Tender of Arles with Henri IV, after one period of three years distrust.

 

1622

Entry of Louis XIII in the city of Acute-Dead after a very short seat, the governor Gaspard de Coligny being let buy: visit of Louis XIII in Arles in order to calm the religious heats; destruction of most of abbey of Saint-Gilles, on order of the duke of Rohan.

 

1660

Stay in Arles of the young person Louis XIV, before gaining Aix and Marseilles, where it will consolidate his authority.

 

1711

Adoption by the Large Rhone of its current mouth.

 

1720-1721

Epidemic of plague devastating the towns of Arles, Aix and Marseilles, as well as the major part of Provence.

 

1784

Creation by the Dumont father of a public museum of Antiquities in Alyscamps
Contemporary time

1790

Creation of the French departments; the Camargue forms at the same time part of the Rhone delta, Gard and L Herault.

 

1805

Creation in Arles of the museum of Antiquities.

 

1825-1855

Clearing of the amphitheater and the ancient theater of Arles.

 

1830

Celebration of the catch of Algiers giving place, in Arles, the first bullfight in the Arenas.

 

1834

Startup of the channel of Arles with Bouc.

 

1848

Opening of the railway line Avignon-Arles-Marseilles.

 

1854

Foundation of Félibrige, literary movement in language of Provence.

 

1856

Foundation of the Company of Saline of the South.

 

1859

Publication by Frédéric Mistral of “Mireille”, epic poem which is worth an immense success to him.

 

1860-1870

Work of damming up of the Rhone.

 

1868

Startup of the railway line of Arles with Lunel.

 

1871

Startup of the Saint-Louis channel connecting the Large Rhone to the gulf of Fos.

 

1875-1900

The devastations caused with the French vineyard by the phylloxera lead, in the last quarter of the XIX E century, of many great landowners to cover the Camargue of vines, the sandy or flooded grounds the winter being protected from the attacks of the parasite.

 

1888-1890

Stay of Vincent Van Gogh to Arles and Saint-Rémy-of-Provence.

 

1889

Creation of the Company of the railroads of the Camargue.

 

1893

L industrial Louis Noilly-Prat transforms the castle of Avignon into appointment of hunting.

 

1904

The Nobel Prize of literature is decreed in of Provence Frédéric Mistral and the Basque Jose Echegaray, which contributes to the defense of the regional cultures.

 

1909

Unveiling in Arles of Museon Arlaten; foundation of Nacioun Gardiano by the marquis Folco de Baroncelli-Javon.

 

1927

Creation of the national Reserve of the Camargue; it extends on 13,117 ha, of Vaccarès to the sea.

 

1933

Creation of the National company of the Rhone, in charge of the installation of the river.

 

1939

Purchase of the field of Méjanes per L industrial Paul Ricard; the farm becomes, as from 1942, pionnière of rice growing in the delta.

 

1942

Invasion of Arles and the Camargue by the German troops.

 

 

1944

Release of Provence ; the Allies bombard the bridges of Arles and Saint-Gilles.

 

1948

Construction of the pumping station of Albaron, keystone of the hydraulic device of the Large Camargue ; it will allow in particular the development of rice growing.

 

1949

Creation of the ornithological park of Bridge of Gau.

 

1954

Foundation by Lukas Hoffmann of the biological station of the Tower of Valat.

 

1958

Closing of the last line of the Railroads of the Camargue.

 

1970

Decree instituting the Regional natural park of the Camargue; birth of the International meetings of Photography.

 

1973

Installation with the farmhouse of the Bridge of Rousty of the seat of the regional Park of the Camargue; startup of the industrialo-harbor complex of Fos-sur-Mer.

 

1976

Acquisition, with the mouth of the Large Rhone, the field of the Palisade by the Academy of the Littoral.

 

1978

Opening of the Camarguais Museum to the farmhouse of the Bridge of Rousty.

 

1981

Startup of South-eastern line TGV between Paris and Marseilles.

 

1982

Acquisition, in the Plan of the Borough, the field of the Marshes of Vigueirat by the Academy of the Littoral.

 

1983

Unveiling of the National school of Photography ; creation of the new river port of Arles.

 

1993-1994

Exceptional risings of the Rhone in October 1993 and January 1994; rupture on the Small Rhone of the dams of Figarès and Lauricet, which involves the flood of the north of the Large Camargue.

 

1995

Unveiling of the museum of the Ancient Arles, designed by the architect Henri Ciriani.

 

2002

First building site of the “Plane ancient inheritance” which will see, in the long term, restoration of the amphitheater and the ancient theater; reopening, after restoration, of the municipal theater.

 

2003

Exhumation of the vestiges of the first cathedral of Arles; exceptional rising of the Rhone: the districts north of the city are seriously flooded.

 

2004

Beginning of rehabilitation of the site of old workshops the SNCF. With the construction of a university pole, new dies of higher education appear.

 

 

 



 
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