The conference of Munich and L `posterior occupation of the border zone by L `Germany strongly influenced the life D `Olomouc, which became itself frontier town. On March 15th, 1939, the troops D `occupation German penetrated in Olomouc and, this same day, the Jewish synagog was burnt. The mayor Richard Fischer was relieved of all his functions and the German social democrats and all the Jews had to leave the municipal council. In July, this one was entirely dissolved and a government commissioner was named to manage the city. The German population lived in L `hope qu `Olomouc would be “again German” and that a “cultural fastening with L `Germany would occur”.

As of the first times of L `occupation were established plans detailed concerning the way of Germanizing Olomouc and its surroundings and of integrating them in the Germanized zone, driving of the north of Moravie with Brno and, further, the south towards L `Austria. The German positions were to be reinforced directly within the “thousand-year-old German city” and in the communes having small islands of German settlement close D `Olomouc. The vast plans of the new German representatives of the city, who related to the national field, cultural, economic, of transport and urban and were directed towards the “defense of the German interests”, however were not carried out qu `of small portion.

L `activity of the Czech administrations was limited and controlled. The regional court, whose L `territorial authority had already been reduced at the time of L `occupation of the North-West of Moravie, was also limited in its competences and all the most important cases were studied by German courts or, more often, by the only concerned with safety units, which had the power D `to send without legal procedure the undesirable people in concentration camps.

Only one political organization was authorized for the Czechs - the National solidarity and he was undertaken the re-recording of all associations which were numerous to disappear or were prohibited. The most touched were the sporting organizations and the most main roads, Sokols, and L `organization catholic Orel, D `orientation similar - in the case of Sokols, several tens of civils servant were imprisoned, without taking account of fact qu `they took part or not in resistance. The preventive imprisonments and L `seclusion of the representatives of the public life were the component D `an action led to L `national scales.

L `German occupation the most heavily touched numerically important group of the Jewish population, which belonged to most of Moravie. All the Jewish goods were confiscated, L `entered the schools, the public places and the parks was prohibited to the Jews. Beside generalized repression, the Jews D `Olomouc could not, for example, not to pass by the two principal places, in order not to not “dirty the name D `Hitler and of Göring”, names which had been lately allotted to them. Antijuives measurements culminated in 1942, year during which 3445 Jews D `Olomouc were off-set in four convoys, only 288 people having returned alive after the war.

Part of the Czech population started at the beginning of L `occupation to pass to resistance. The largest organization of national resistance was represented by Défense of the Nation, in the clandestine structure whose Olomouc was, after Brno, the most important center in Moravie. L `another side of the spectrum of the resistance movements were held the Communists - under the pressure of Moscow, the communist movement S `opposed to local national resistance and in exile, with, at its head, Edvard Beneš, and declared that the allied powers were the same “imperialist enemies” as L `Nazi Germany.

In Olomouc, almost each organization of national resistance had a structure and whole groups D `municipal employees, in the direction of the police force, in the administrations of finances, the railroads and the post office, were stopped there for activities of resistance. Repressions having followed L `attack against the guard of Reich Heydrich, lasting which tens of resistant were considered before the court-martial of Brno and immediately carried out as of after the sentence, were a complete disaster for all the components of resistance. The resistant organizations most important did not reform qu `in 1943, time to which zones to them operational moved however rather towards the campaigns. Towards the end 1944, L `clandestine organization of the Communist party succeeds in being reformed and groups it relatively reduced Communists D `Olomouc managed to acquire a considerable influence, not only in the groups of resistant and partisans, but also among the clandestine national committees being born.

In spring 1945, the face approached unrelentingly, the Olomouc on on April 30th was for the first heavily bombarded time. Moravie power station and Olomouc were found in the final phase of the war in a strategic position, not only for the German generals, but also for the Soviet military chiefs - C `is here which the most units of L `started to gather armed German at the time of their retirement and C `is precisely in the sector D `Olomouc that L `staff of L `Red Army decided to encircle them by the troops of 4th and of the 2nd face Ukrainian. The city was defended with eagerness by the German troops jusqu `at the last times of the war in Europe. On May 4th, Olomouc was again bombarded by L `aviation Soviet, on on May 6th began the engagements directly near the city, when the Soviet troops arrived jusqu `at the Holy-Hill and that the German units started with S `to flee D `Olomouc.

After heavy combat, the city was released on on May 8th around midday, the last confrontations had taken place close to L `airport of Neredín.