Third continent by the surface, Africa is mainly located in the intertropical field. It is the area of the world where the population growth is most disproportionate compared to the economic growth. This situation is accompanied by an accelerated urbanization due to disintegration by the rural economies, and wear of the political regimes born of the delocalization.
Africa is thus the continent which approaches the XXI E century with the heaviest handicap. Complex and multiple, parcelled out in States, Africa appears as a gigantic puzzle in which each ethnos group constitutes a specific element, dissimilar others.