When in 1545 the council of Thirty opens, the Christian world is in crisis. The Roman Roman Catholic Church is disputed by the partisans of the Reform led by Jean Calvin and Martin Luther.

This Council will last 18 years. Instead of amending itself, the Catholic church launches the ideological Counter-Reformation with creation about the Jesuits and artistic with a new style which one will call well later “baroque” (the word “barocco” would come from Portugal and indicated an irregular pearl).

Schematically, the Baroque extends from the end of the XVI ^E century at the beginning of the XVIII ^E century. Born in the Vatican with the architect Francesco Borromini and the sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini (French Bernin), this artistic movement will reign on all the Italian states but will have more evil to penetrate in France, ground of the classicism. It will be propagated in Spain, in Danubian Europe then as far as South America.

Thus to the XVI ^E and XVII ^E centuries in Ligurie of the West as in the county of Nice, possession of the Dukes of Savoy, this art did not only meet any resistance, but seems to have filled the major heart of the populations which, by the theatrical processions their brotherhoods the penitent ones, the decorum of the great moments of the religious, public and even private life, always had in heart to exteriorize their faith and their feelings.