King de Grande-Bretagne and of Ireland (1760-1820).

Son of the Prince of Wales, Frederic, died in 1751, he became king de Grande-Bretagne with the death of his grandfather, George II, in 1760. Its long reign, one of most important of the history of England, was marked, inside, by important economic transfers, social and religious and, outside, by the war of America and the wars against revolutionary France and the Napoleonean Empire.

Third sovereign of the dynasty of Hanover - it was itself Électeur, of 1760 to 1815, then king de Hanovre, of 1815 to 1820. George III was the first to be been interested in Great Britain.

Unlike its predecessors, it was born there and knows the language perfectly of it, which is worth from the start to him the regard of its subjects, favorably impressed, moreover, by the dignity of its private life, which contrasts largely with the behavior of first Hanover. However, with the image of his mother, resulting from the small German court of Saxony-Gotha, where the absolutism is of rule, and under the influence of his Scottish adviser, the count of Bute, it is authoritative until the stubbornness, at the point to cause serious attacks, whose least will not be the war of America. During more than twenty years, indeed, George III will endeavor to assume in person the government of the kingdom, after having drawn aside the whigs, which played a paramount role in the exercise of the power during the preceding reigns.

The resignation of first Pitt, in 1761, having allowed the constitution of a cabinet dominated by Butts, this one chooses the party of peace in the colonial conflict which opposes Great Britain and France, and makes sign the treaty of Paris in 1763.

As much as its foreign policy, the authoritative practices of Butts are worth severe criticisms on the part of the Wilkes publicity agent to him, whose feather does not save the king more. Butt having resigned in 1763, George III must wait seven years before finding as a Lord North, who remains with the power of 1770 to 1782, the skilful one carrying out its policy: using of corruption in all its forms, he manages to put the whigs in minority to the House of Commons, which does not fail to unchain their protests against what they name despotism. Baiting itself against Wilkes, the king and his minister manage to delay his entry with the Communes until 1774, date on which them adversary is elected.

After the failures of the war of America, caused by her financial intransigence and her requirements with regard to the colonists, George III must accept the return to the practice of a Prime Minister collaborating with the Parliament to control. It must even call with the ministry the whigs, which it hates, such Fox, and, in 1783, to entrust the ministry to second Pitt, with which was formed a new torysme. As from 1788, the mental disease of the king supported the transfer of the governmental responsibilities to the Prime Minister: Pitt, until 1806, with an interruption of 1801 to 1804, its successors then. The process accelerated when the king had completely lost the reason after 1811 and that his/her son, the future George IV, appointed regent, had appeared unpopular.

It is under the reign of George III that the acts of enclosure complete to make disappear the small rural property and the class from the free farmers, thus allowing the constitution of great fields, scientifically emphasized. Industrial revolution was born big industry, in the often new cities where piles up a population miserable, come from the countryside and deprived of political rights. The colonial trade brought the training of a rich person classifies “Lords of cotton”. An important change of religious mentality took place, thanks to progress of the Methodism. Lastly, Ireland was narrowly attached to Great Britain by the Act of union, in 1800.