The political upheavals occurred since the fall of the Berlin Wall reorganized the immediate vicinity of Poland, country located almost in the middle geometrical of Europe. Germany faces him the west; republics Czech and Slovak in the south; the enclave of Kaliningrad (Russia) in north; Lithuania, Bielorussia and Ukraine in the east.
The Polish territory was, during his long story, the stake and the theater of an animated geopolitical evolution and often tragedy: successive divisions at the end of the XVIII E century, disappearance to the XIX E century then resurrection in 1918, destruction massive and massacres of the populations during the Second War, then incorporation forced in the camp of the people's democracies.