Born between 3 ' 500 and 3 ' 000 front J. - C., Sumerian civilization is the fruit of the slow evolution of nonSemitic populations installed on the basic grounds Mésopotamie since the end of the VI E thousand-year-old. Established on banks of the Tiger and Euphrate, those group in small villages such Eridou (Abou-Shahrein), Our (Such Muqqayar), Ourouk (Warka), Such el-Obeïd or Such el-Oueili.
Of unknown origin, the Sumerian ones settle in the south of Mésopotamie. They have a advanced civilization: they know agriculture, the irrigation, architecture with vault and the writing. Their political power will be destroyed by Sargon d' Akkad, which will join together Akkad and Sumer towards 2340 av. J. - C.