In the years 1930, Chaudet joined the radical party. Member of the General advice of Rivaz (1930-1937). In 1936, it chairs the committee of Chexbres fighting against the decree federal of 1933, known as “tax on the wine”, and organizes the refusal of this tax. This battle brings it closer to the League of Vaud, on which there will remain a long time dependant, and in 1937 its election like syndic of Rivaz, function is worth to him which he will exert until 1943 (and in 1945-1946). Spokesperson and representative of the wine world of Vaud, he is elected with the Great Council (1937-1942), then at the National council (1943-1954).

State Counsellor (1946-1954), it directs the Department of justice and police force then, since 1948, that of agriculture, industry and the trade. In 1951, it enters to the council of the Swiss national Bank, in 1954 at its committee.

In 1954, it succeeds Rodolphe Rubattel at the Federal council where it directs the military Department. President of the Confederation in 1959 and 1962. He applies with heat to the reform and the modernization of the army (introduction of Army 61, discussion on the atomic Weapons), while defending his role of guardian of the traditional values. In 1964, goings beyond massive appropriations during the acquisition of the new fighter plan start a scandal which involves, at the end of 1966, the resignation of Chaudet, shown of serious negligences (Mirages). After its withdrawal, it works for various organizations in the world, of which the FAO and Children of the World. It sits in boards of trustees of several companies, of which the Swiss Banque Populaire that it chairs of 1974 its death. Lieutenant-colonel of infantry.