Conqueror turco-Mongolian.

Tamerlan or Timour Lang downward (at least spiritual) of Gengis Khan, Tamerlan or Timour Lang (Timour the Lame one) was born in old Ulus djaghataïde, prerogative of the descendants of the son of Gengis, Djaghataï.    

Craftsman of the Mongolian restoration in Central Asia, undeniable military engineering, higher perhaps than Gengis, Tamerlan remains, such this last, the object of a controversy. So much, like his sworn enemy, the chronicler Ibn Arabchah, see in him a rough bloodthirsty man, others underline his role of builder, legislator, organizer and propagator of Islam.  

Tamerlan was the son of Turcoman, Teragaï, governor of Kesh and relative far away from the Mongols gengiskhanides. Very early, it was identified with its supposed ancestor. Like him, it was orphan early and private of its heritage; like him, he fought against the adversity, before becoming to advise of the governor of Samarkand (1361). Ten years later, it seized the power and was proclaimed going down from the Large Khan, without however taking as titrates it to him of universal sovereign (it was satisfied with that of emir).

He claimed with anything else only to renovate the Mongolian Empire and cut off himself until his death behind the legitimacy gengiskhanide, which then had the appearance of an uncontested legal principle. Gengis drew its forces in the wandering tribes; those of Tamerlan came to him turned into a sedentary population people, which perhaps explains at his place the absence of this universal messianism characteristic of the Khan. Of this last, it always preserved principal work, Yassak, or codes steppes, sometimes little adapted to the urban life.  

Persia, Iraq and Azerbaïdjan
Ten years after having taken the power in Transoxiane, Tamerlan undertook the conquest of Persia (bag of Chiraz and Ispahan in 1387), then of Iraq and Azerbaïdjan. One of its most baited enemies, the khan of the Crimea Toqtamich, benefitted then from its absence to invade by twice Transoxiane, before being beaten by Sheik Omar, son of Tamerlan, in 1390; this feat of arms will be celebrated in Samarkand by twenty-six days of unrestrained rejoicings.  

The Five Year old war
Conscious of its force, the Lame one engages in the Five Year old war, which was to see the conquest of Mésopotamie and the Caspian provinces, while the sons of the conqueror invade the basin of Tarim (Chinese Turkestan) and advance as far as Poland. In 1398, it is the countryside of India, with the catch of Kabul and Delhi. Returned in Samarkand in 1399, Tamerlan gathers once again its armies and moves towards the Mediterranean shores: Alep falls on on November 11th, 1400. The following year, Damas is taken, delivered to plundering and the fire. The conqueror throws himself then on Turkey; with the battle of Ancyre (1402), the weather is captive the Bajazet sultan who will die soon in captivity.  

China
Again, Tamerlan returns in Samarkand to implement its great project, the conquest of China. The empire of Ming, founded in 1368 the shortly after the collapse of the Mongolian dynasty, was then at the top of its power; the success of Tamerlan could seem doubtful. The destiny will prevent it from trying this adventure: falls ill in way, it dies on on January 19th, 1405.

Guard of arts and curious spirit, as besides all the large Eastern conquerors (it accepted Spanish embassies and wrote to the king de France Charles VI), one could not however as certainly allot to him as affirms it the tradition the Institutes, collection of codes of conduct left to his/her children and where are approached morals, the policy, the religion and the administration of the conquered countries. This last chapter, if as well is as it is with its hand, is most instructive; he in any case reveals Tamerlan always ready to justify (he puts at it sometimes a suspect haste) his conquests by some reason for moral or religious order. He also shows himself there, in the principles, deeply human towards the civil populations.

Contrary to Gengis Khan, Tamerlan could not make the unit between Turks and Mongols to maintain the Empire, which, as of its death, was reduced to only Transoxiane.

Timourides

When Tamerlan died (1405), it left seven sons: Djihanguir, Sheik Omar, Mirza Miran Shah, Khalil, Ibrahim, Saas Wakass and Chah Roukh (Rokh Shah, Roh Shah).  

Roukh shah
In fight with several of his brothers, Roukh Shah, born in 1377 (it was the fourth son of Tamerlan), succeeds in gathering around him old Ulus of the descendants of Djaghataï, made up mainly by Transoxiane and Khorassan. Having taken part any child in the campaigns of his father, Chah Roukh had acquired an acute sense of the art of warfare. Good administrator, it could make respect his authority like inside outside and exchanged embassies with China of Ming. Contrary to his father, it did not reign in Samarkand but in Herat, in Afghanistan, where it gathered around him one of the courses most brilliant of his time, illustrated by great writers of language Persian and Turkish, like by large miniaturists.  

Baber
When Chah Roukh died, in 1447, it left the throne to elder his sons, Ulough Beg, which held of him its gifts of organizer, but who reigned only two years. The power passed then to two grandsons of Shah Roukh, Abdul Lâtif then Abdullah, before falling to Baber (Babour), another of its descendants promised with a famous destiny. Born in 1483, Zahîr ED-DIN Mohammed Baber collected the heritage of its ancestors whereas it was yet old only eleven years. Competitions forced it soon to be satisfied with the small State of Fergana, which ordered the master keys leading to Chinese Turkestan. There still, it was dispossessed by Cheibani, founder of the line of Cheibanides.  

Driven out by all, Baber launched out then in an insane adventure: the conquest of India, with ten thousand riders. Far from its native land, it founded there a prestigious empire, the Mogul Empire, where its descendants, Baberides, were going to reign until the arrival of the English, prolonging thus glorieusement the descent of Tamerlan.  

Towards the crumbling of the heritage timouride
Meanwhile, several sovereigns timourides were to reign on a more or less large part of Djaghataï. If the names of the sultans Abusaid Mirza, Ahmed, Mahmoud, Masud, all descendants of Mirza Miran Shah, third son of Timour, are hardly worthy to hold the attention, it is not the same of Hussein Baikara (1469-1506), grandson of Sheik Omar (the son junior by Tamerlan), who was a large administrator and a guard of arts worthy of her ancestor. With his/her son Badioz Zerman (1506-1507), the heritage timouride started to be exhausted to disappear completely about the middle from the XVI E century, scattered into small khanats which was to survive until Russian colonization.