King d' Angleterre (1413-1422). Oldest son of Henri IV, Henri V was raised by his grand-uncle, Henri Beaufort, bishop of Winchester. His/her father does it Prince of Wales in 1400, then duke of Aquitaine. He takes part of 1402 to 1408 in the engagements against the Welsh rebels; he reveals his talents of war leader there, at the same time as an absence of scruple and a complete contempt of chivalrous ethics. Intervention in the French businessOf return to London, Henri asserts his place in the government, lines up on the side of the party animated by the family of Beaufort and conspires against his father. Stirring up, active, cynical, without being however as discharged and violent one as depicts it the Tudor tradition (and also Shakespeare), he thinks only of the resumption of the war against France: thus, of 1411 to 1413, it intrigues with the Burgundian party, which causes a conflict with his/her father, which supports the Armagnacs.
Henri V goes up on the throne on on March 21st, 1413 and must initially overcome some revolts carried out by his Richard cousin of York, then by Mortimer; both are prevailed of rights to the crown which are neither more nor less solid than those of Henri V. These finished adventures, it is committed entire in the French business making there recognize its “rights”. He claims all the empire Plantagenêt (Normandy, Maine, Anjou, Poitou, in addition to Guyenne).
While it negotiates with the Armagnac government, it prepares diplomatically, militarily and psychologically the ground: insulation of France on the international plan and research of the alliance of the duke of Burgundy; formation of a solid armed with intervention; propaganda in England to make the war popular, which enables him to rejoin the aristocracy at its sights and to obtain taxes and loans of the Communes.
The founder of the double monarchy
The negotiations fail. Henri V unloads in Harfleur in September 1415, crushes the French Army with Azincourt in October, then, joining again with the past, systematically conquers Normandy, fortified town after fortified town. Its success is total. The assassination of Jean without Fear, in 1419, precipitates Burgundy in English alliance; Henri V can then obtain from a French government disabled the advantageous treaty of Troyes (1420), which makes of him the heir to the throne of France: by obtaining the hand of Catherine, the girl of the king de France Charles VI, it obtains the regency of France and the succession for its future son.
But, precociously used, he dies on on August 31st, 1422 after having entrusted the regency of France to Bedford. His/her son Henri VI, one year old, links the two crowns. Never the unit of the country was not also supplements. However, the continuation will be less favorable. One can wonder whether this large king did not waste his gifts and his realism in the continuation of a dream.