Africa is before a a whole geographical reality, and its history is imbricated with that of other cultural areas and other surfaces. Recent research highlighted some essential characteristics of its evolution: the historical dynamics of the companies African, the existence of strong commercial relations and cultural inside the continent and towards the outside world, the unequal exchange with Europe.
The independence, occurred for most country in the years 1960, gave birth neither to stable modes nor with true democracies. On the contrary, civil wars and coups d'etat follow one another at worrying intervals, bleeding as much certain countries than had done it the sad trade of the “ebony wood” and throwing in refugee camps more than 5 million people. The weight of the foreign debt is, for many these countries, a plague as serious as the famine, the misery and the recrudescence of the epidemics which prevail in many areas.